(PDF) Neurovirology – Viruses and the Brain by Michael J. Buchmeier

This is the PDF eBook version for Neurovirology – Viruses and the Brain by Michael J. Buchmeier, Iain C. Campbell

Table of Contents

Part 1: Basic Models
Chapter 1. Genetic Determinants of Neurovirulence of Murine Oncornaviruses
I. Introduction
II. Clinicopathological Manifestations of Neurovirulent Murine Oncornavirus Infection
III. Mapping of Viral Determinants of Neurologic Disease
IV. Viral Sequences that Determine Neuroinvasiveness
V. Host Factors and Neuroinvasiveness
VI. Viral Envelope Sequences that Determine Neurotoxicity
VII. Cell Types Involved in Neurovirulence
VIII. Envelope Expression in Microglia
IX. Role of Inflammation
X. Retroviruses and Multiple Sclerosis
XI. Concluding Remarks
References
Chapter 2. Pseudorabies Virus Neuroinvasiveness: A Window into the Functional Organization of the Br
I. Viruses and the Nervous System
II. Neuronal Architecture and Neurotropic Viruses
III. Importance of Using Well-Characterized Strains of Virus
IV. Replication and Intracellular Spread of Pseudorabies Virus in the Brain
V. Brain Defenses and Neuroinvasiveness
VI. Recombinant Viruses and the Nervous System
VII. Viral Circuit Analysis: Future Applications
VIII. Conclusions
References
Chapter 3. Neurovirology and Developmental Neurobiology
I. Introduction
II. Central Nervous System Development
III. Virus Replication
IV. Alphavirus Infections as Examples of Age-Related Neurovirulence
V. Virus Infections of Developing Nervous System
VI. Other Important Infections of the Developing Human Central Nervous System
References
Part 2: Viral Immune Responses in the Central Nervous System
Chapter 4. Chemokines and Viral Diseases of the Central Nervous System
I. Introduction
II. Chemokines and their Receptors: An Overview
III. Chemokines and their Receptors in the Central Nervous System
IV. Chemokines and their Receptors in Viral Diseases of the Central Nervous System
V. Concluding Remarks
References
Chapter 5. Regulation of T Cell Responses During Central Nervous System Viral Infection
I. Introduction
II. Effector Functions of T Cells during CNS Viral Infection
III. Regulation of T Cell Responses during CNS Viral Infection
IV. Concluding Remarks
References
Chapter 6. Virus-Induced Autoimmunity: Epitope Spreading to Myelin Autoepitopes in Theiler’s Virus
I. Introduction
II. Relevance of Murine TMEV-Induced Demyelinating Disease to Human Multiple Sclerosis
III. TMEV Infection as Model of Persistent Virus-Induced, CD4 T Cell-Mediated Demyelination
IV. Virus-Specific CD4 T Cell Respones Initiate Disease
V. Myelin-Specific CD4 T Cell Responses: Pathologic Role in Chronic Theiler’s Virus-Induced Demye
VI. Myelin Epitope-Specific CD4 T Cell Responses in TMEV-Infected Mice Arising via Epitope Spreadin
VII. Endogenous Presentation of Virus and Myelin Epitopes by CNS-Resident Antigen-Presenting C in TM
VIII. Summary
References
Chapter 7. Selection of and Evasion from Cytotoxic T Cell Responses in the Central Nervous System
I. Objectives of this Review
II. Introduction
III. Selection of CTL Escape Mutants in Viral Encephalomyelitis
IV. Conclusions and Future Directions
References
Chapter 8. DNA Immunization and Central Nervous System Viral Infection
I. Virus Infections of the Central Nervous System
II. Antiviral Immune Response
III. Central Nervous System as a Haven for Viruses
IV. Vaccinating Against Virus-Induced CNS Diseases: An Introduction to Mouse Models
V. DNA Vaccines and CNS Viral Infections
References
Part 3: Spongiform Encephalopathies
Chapter 9. Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies and Prion Proten Interconversions
I. Introduction
II. Tranmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies in Humans and Animals
III. Prion Protein: Cellular and Molecular Aspects
IV. Current Issues in TSE Research
References
Chapter 10. Spongiform Encephalopathies: Insights from Transgenic Models
I. Introduction
II. Transgenic Models for Human Hereditary Prion Diseases
III. Mice as Transgenic Models
IV. Structure-Function Studies on PrP Gene
V. Species Barrier.
VI. Prion Strains
VII. Ectopic Expression of PrP in PrnP-Ablated Mice
VIII. Prions and the Central Nervous System
IX. Conclusion
References
Part 4: HIV: Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Chapter 11. The Blood–Brain Barrier and AIDS
I. Introduction
II. AIDS Dementia versus HIV Encephalitis
III. Timing of Viral Entry into the CNS
IV. Mechanisms and Models of Viral Entry
V. The Central Nervous System as a Viral Reservoir
VI. Animal Models
References
Chapter 12. Neuroimmune and Neurovirological Aspects of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection
I. Introduction
II. Clinical Aspects
III. Virological Aspects
IV. Neuropathogenesis
V. Animal Models
VI. Unanswered Questions
VII. Summary
References
Chapter 13. Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Model of HIV-Induced Central Nervous System Dysfunction
I. Introduction
II. Animal Models
III. Brain Infection
IV. Host Responses
V. Chemokines and Their Receptors
VI. Central Nervous System Dysfunction
VII. Chemotherapy and Prophylaxis
VIII. Conclusion
References
Chapter 14. Neuroendocrine-Immune Interactions during Viral Infections
I. Introduction
II. Hypothalamic–Pituitary–Adrenal (HPA) Axis
III. Glucocorticoid Induction during Viral Infections: Mechanisms and Signaling Pathways
IV. Impact of Glucocorticoids on Target Tissues
V. Role of HPA in Shaping Immune Response during Viral Infection
VI. Conclusions
References
Part 5: Preclinical and Clincal Models
Chapter 15. Role of Viruses in Etiology and Pathogenesis of Multiple Sclerosis
I. Introduction
II. Etiology of Multiple Sclerosis
III. Viruses in Multiple Sclerosis
IV. Conclusions
References
Chapter 16. Bornavirus Tropism and Targeted Pathogenesis: Virus–Host Interactions in a Neurodevelo
I. Introduction
II. Mechanisms for Neurotropism: Phosphorylation of Borna Disease Virus Phosphoprotein by Protien Ki
III. Mechansisms for BDV Persistence
IV. Borna Disease Rat Models for Human Central Nervous System Disorders
V. Summary
References
Chapter 17. Paradigms for Behavioral Assessment of Viral Pathogenesis
I. Introduction
II. Behavioral Effects of Viral Infection in Rodents
III. Behavioral Effects of Viral Infection in Nonhuman Primates
IV. Conclusion
References
Index