(PDF) Diseases of Ear, Nose and Throat & Head and Neck Surgery 7th Ed by Dhingra

This is the PDF eBook version for Diseases of Ear, Nose and Throat & Head and Neck Surgery 7th Edition by P L Dhingra, Shruti Dhingra

Table of Contents

Preface
Acknowledgements
Section I: Diseases of ear
Chapter 1: Anatomy of Ear
The External Ear
The Middle Ear
The Internal Ear
Development of Ear
Chapter 2: Peripheral Receptors and Physiology of Auditory and Vestibular Systems
Auditory System
Physiology of Hearing
Vestibular System
Physiology of Vestibular System
Chapter 3: Audiology and Acoustics
Chapter 4: Assessment of Hearing
Assessment of Hearing
Chapter 5: Hearing Loss
Classification
Conductive Hearing Loss and its Management
Sensorineural Hearing Loss and its Management
Specific Forms of Hearing Loss
Nonorganic Hearing Loss (NOHL)
Social and Legal Aspects of Hearing Loss
Chapter 6: Assessment of Vestibular Functions
I. Clinical tests of vestibular function
II. Laboratory Tests of Vestibular Function
Chapter 7: Disorders of Vestibular System
I. Peripheral Vestibular Disorders
II. Central Vestibular Disorders
Other Causes of Vertigo
Chapter 8: Diseases of External Ear
I. Diseases of the Pinna
II. Diseases of External Auditory Canal
III. Diseases of Tympanic Membrane
Chapter 9: Eustachian Tube and Its Disorders
Anatomy
Structure
Functions
Eustachian Tube Function Tests
Disorders of Eustachian Tube
Retraction Pockets and Eustachian Tube
Patulous Eustachian Tube
Examination of Eustachian Tube
Chapter 10: Disorders of Middle Ear
Acute Suppurative Otitis Media
Acute Necrotizing Otitis Media
Otitis Media With Effusion
Recurrent Acute Otitis Media
Aero-Otitis Media (Otitic Barotrauma)
Chapter 11: Cholesteatoma and Chronic Otitis Media
Cholesteatoma
Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media
Tubercular Otitis Media
Syphilitic Otitis Media
Chapter 12: Complications of Suppurative Otitis Media
Factors Influencing Development of Complications
Pathways of Spread of Infection
Classification
Sequelae of Otitis Media
I. Intratemporal Complications of Otitis Media
II. Intracranial Complications of Otitis Media
Chapter 13: Otosclerosis (Syn. Otospongiosis)
Anatomy of Labyrinth
Otosclerosis
Chapter 14: Facial Nerve and Its Disorders
Anatomy and Functions of Facial Nerve
Causes of Facial Paralysis
Localization of Facial Lesion
Complications Following Facial Paralysis
Hyperkinetic Disorders of Facial Nerve
Surgery of Facial Nerve
Chapter 15: Ménière’s Disease
Pathology
Aetiology
Clinical Features
Examination
Investigations
Variants of Ménière’s Disease
Ménière’s Disease vs Ménière’s Syndrome
Diagnosis of Ménière’s Disease
Staging of Ménière’s Disease
Treatment
Chapter 16: Tumours of External Ear
Tumours of Auricle
Tumours of External Auditory Canal
Chapter 17: Tumours of Middle Ear and Mastoid
Classification
Glomus Tumour
Carcinoma of Middle Ear and Mastoid
Sarcomas
Secondary Tumours
Chapter 18: Acoustic Neuroma
Incidence
Pathology
Origin and Growth of Tumour
Classification
Clinical Features
Investigations and Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Treatment
Chapter 19: The Deaf Child
Aetiology
Evaluation of a Deaf Child
Management
Chapter 20: Rehabilitation of the Hearing Impaired
I. Instrumental Devices
II. Training
Chapter 21: Otalgia (Earache)
I. Local Causes
II. Referred Causes
III. Psychogenic Causes
Chapter 22: Tinnitus
Types of Tinnitus
Causes of Tinnitus (Table 22.1)
Treatment of Tinnitus
Section II: Diseases of nose and paranasal sinuses
Chapter 23: Anatomy of Nose
External Nose
Internal Nose
Lining Membrane of Internal Nose
Chapter 24: Physiology of Nose
Respiration
Air-Conditioning of Inspired Air
Protection of Lower Airway
Vocal Resonance
Nasal Reflexes
Olfaction
Chapter 25: Diseases of External Nose and Nasal Vestibule
Diseases of External Nose
Diseases of Nasal Vestibule
Chapter 26: Nasal Septum and Its Diseases
Anatomy
Fractures of Nasal Septum
Deviated Nasal Septum (DNS)
Septal Haematoma
Septal Abscess
Perforation of Nasal Septum (Figure 26.9)
Chapter 27: Acute and Chronic Rhinitis
Acute Rhinitis
Chronic Rhinitis
Chapter 28: Granulomatous Diseases of Nose
Bacterial Infections
Fungal Infections
Granulomas of Unspecified Aetiology
Chapter 29: Miscellaneous Disorders of Nasal Cavity
Foreign Bodies
Rhinolith
Nasal Myiasis (Maggots in Nose)
Nasal Synechia
Choanal Atresia
CSF Rhinorrhoea
Chapter 30: Allergic Rhinitis
Aetiology
Pathogenesis
Clinical Features
Diagnosis
Investigations
Complications
Treatment
Chapter 31: Vasomotor and Other Forms of Nonallergic Rhinitis
Vasomotor Rhinitis (VMR)
Other Forms of Nonallergic Rhinitis
Chapter 32: Nasal Polypi
Antrochoanal Polyp (Syn. Killian’s Polyp)
Bilateral Ethmoidal Polypi
Some Important Points to Remember in a Case of Nasal Polypi
Chapter 33: Epistaxis
Blood Supply of Nose (Figures 33.1 and 33.2)
Causes of Epistaxis
Sites of Epistaxis
Classification of Epistaxis
Management
General Measures in Epistaxis
Chapter 34: Trauma to the Face
General Management
Soft Tissue Injuries and Their Management
Bone Injuries and Their Management
I. Fractures of Upper Third of Face
II. Fractures of Middle Third of Face
III. Fractures of Lower Third
Oroantral Fistula
Chapter 35: Anatomy and Physiology of Paranasal Sinuses
Anatomy of Paranasal Sinuses
Physiology of Paranasal Sinuses
Chapter 36: Acute Rhinosinusitis
Definition
Classification
Acute Viral Rhinosinusitis
Acute Bacterial Rhinosinusitis
Acute Maxillary Sinusitis
Acute Frontal Sinusitis
Acute Ethmoid Sinusitis
Acute Sphenoid Sinusitis
Chapter 37: Chronic Rhinosinusitis
Definition
Older Surgical Techniques for Chronic Sinusitis
Fungal Infections of Sinuses
Functional Endoscopic Surgery of Sinuses (Figures 37.4 and 37.5)
Chapter 38: Complications of Sinusitis
I. Local Complications
II. Orbital Complications
III. Intracranial Complications
IV. Descending Infections
V. Focal Infections
Chapter 39: Benign and Malignant Neoplasms of Nasal Cavity
Benign Neoplasms
Malignant Neoplasms
Chapter 40: Neoplasms of Paranasal Sinuses
Benign Neoplasms
Malignant Neoplasms
Chapter 41: Proptosis
Section III: Diseases of oral cavity and salivary glands
Chapter 42: Anatomy of Oral Cavity
Applied Anatomy
Lymphatic Drainage of Oral Cavity
Chapter 43: Common Disorders of Oral Cavity
Ulcers of Oral Cavity
Miscellaneous Lesions of Tongue and Oral Cavity
Submucous Fibrosis
Chapter 44: Tumours of Oral Cavity
Classification
I. Benign Tumours
II. Premalignant Lesions
III. Malignant Lesions
Chemoprevention
Chapter 45: Non-neoplastic Disorders of Salivary Glands
Mumps (Viral Parotitis)
Acute Suppurative Parotitis
Chronic Recurrent Sialadenitis
Sialectasis
Granulomatous Infections of the Salivary Glands
Sialolithiasis (Salivary Calculi)
Sjogren’s Syndrome (Sicca Syndrome)
Sialometaplasia
Sialadenosis
Chapter 46: Neoplasms of Salivary Glands
Benign Tumours
Malignant Tumours
Section IV: Diseases of pharynx
Chapter 47: Anatomy and Physiology of Pharynx
Pharynx in General
Divisions of Pharynx
Chapter 48: Adenoids and Other Inflammations of Nasopharynx
Adenoids
Acute Nasopharyngitis
Chronic Nasopharyngitis
Thornwaldt’s Disease (Pharyngeal Bursitis)
Chapter 49: Tumours of Nasopharynx
Benign Tumours
Other Benign Tumours of Nasopharynx
Malignant Tumours
Other Malignant Tumours of Nasopharynx
Chapter 50: Acute and Chronic Pharyngitis
Acute Pharyngitis
Chronic Pharyngitis
Atrophic Pharyngitis
Keratosis Pharyngis
Chapter 51: Acute and Chronic Tonsillitis
Applied Anatomy of Palatine (Faucial) Tonsils
Acute Tonsillitis
Faucial Diphtheria
Chronic Tonsillitis
Diseases of Lingual Tonsils
Chapter 52: Head and Neck Space Infections
Parotid Abscess
Ludwig’s Angina
Peritonsillar Abscess (Quinsy)
Retropharyngeal Abscess
Acute Retropharyngeal Abscess
Chronic Retropharyngeal Abscess (Prevertebral Abscess)
Parapharyngeal Abscess
Masticator Space
Chapter 53: Tumours of Oropharynx
Benign Tumours
Malignant Tumours
Parapharyngeal Tumours
Styalgia (Eagle Syndrome)
Chapter 54: Tumours of the Hypopharynx and Pharyngeal Pouch
Tumours of Hypopharynx
Pharyngeal Pouch
Chapter 55: Snoring and Sleep Apnoea
Snoring
Sleep Apnoea
Section V: Diseases of larynx and trachea
Chapter 56: Anatomy and Physiology of Larynx
Anatomy of Larynx
Embryological Development
Paediatric larynx
Physiology of Larynx
Chapter 57: Laryngotracheal Trauma
Aetiology
Pathology
Clinical Features
Diagnostic Evaluation
Treatment
Complications
Chapter 58: Acute and Chronic Inflammations of Larynx
Acute Laryngitis
Acute Epiglottitis (Syn. Supraglottic Laryngitis)
Acute Laryngo-Tracheo-Bronchitis
Laryngeal Diphtheria
Oedema of Larynx
Chronic Laryngitis
Polypoid Degeneration of Vocal Cords (Reinke’s Oedema)
Pachydermia Laryngis
Atrophic Laryngitis (Laryngitis Sicca)
Tuberculosis of Larynx
Lupus of the Larynx
Syphilis of the Larynx
Leprosy of the Larynx
Scleroma of the Larynx
Laryngeal Mycosis
Chapter 59: Congenital Lesions of Larynx and Stridor
Congenital Lesions of Larynx
Stridor
Chapter 60: Laryngeal Paralysis
Nerve Supply of Larynx
Classification of Laryngeal Paralysis
Causes of Laryngeal Paralysis
Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve Paralysis
Paralysis of Superior Laryngeal Nerve
Combined (Complete) Paralysis (Recurrent and Superior Laryngeal Nerve Paralysis)
Congenital Vocal Cord Paralysis
Phonosurgery
Chapter 61: Benign Tumours of Larynx
Non-Neoplastic Tumours
Neoplastic
Chapter 62: Cancer Larynx
Epidemiology
Aetiology
TNM Classification and Staging
Histopathology
Diagnosis of Laryngeal Cancer
Treatment of Laryngeal Cancer
Glottic Carcinoma
Vocal Rehabilitation After Total Laryngectomy
Chapter 63: Voice and Speech Disorders
Hoarseness
Dysphonia Plica Ventricularis (Ventricular Dysphonia)
Functional Aphonia (Hysterical Aphonia)
Puberphonia (Mutational Falsetto Voice)
Phonasthenia
Dysphonia
Hyponasality (Rhinolalia Clausa)
Hypernasality (Rhinolalia Aperta)
Stuttering
Chapter 64: Tracheostomy and Other Procedures for Airway Management
Tracheostomy
Percutaneous Dilatational Tracheostomy
Chapter 65: Foreign Bodies of Air Passages
Aetiology
Nature of Foreign Bodies
Clinical Features
Diagnosis
Management
Section VI: Thyroid gland and its disorders
Chapter 66: Thyroid Gland and Its Disorders
Surgical Anatomy of Thyroid Gland
Physiology of Thyroid
Benign Disorders of Thyroid
Malignant Disorders of Thyroid
Thyroid Nodule and its Management
Thyroid Surgery
Section VII: Diseases of oesophagus
Chapter 67: Anatomy and Physiology of Oesophagus
Applied Anatomy
Applied Physiology
Physiology of Swallowing
Chapter 68: Disorders of Oesophagus
Acute Oesophagitis
Perforation of Oesophagus
Corrosive Burns of Oesophagus
Benign Strictures of Oesophagus
Hiatus Hernia
Plummer–Vinson (Patterson–Brown–Kelly) Syndrome
Globus (Hystericus) Pharyngeus
Motility Disorders of Oesophagus
Neoplasms of Oesophagus
Chapter 69: Dysphagia
Aetiology
Investigations
Chapter 70: Foreign Bodies of Food Passage
Aetiology
Site of Lodgement of Foreign Body
Clinical Features
Investigations
Management
Complications of Oesophageal Foreign Body
Disc Batteries
Section VIII: Recent advances
Chapter 71: Laser Surgery, Radiofrequency Surgery, Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy and Coblation
I. Laser Surgery
II. Radiofrequency Surgery in ENT
III. Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy in ENT
IV. Coblation
Chapter 72: Cryosurgery
Mechanism of Tissue Destruction
Technique
Uses of Cryotherapy
Advantages of Cryotherapy
Disadvantages of Cryotherapy
Chapter 73: Radiotherapy in Head and Neck Cancers
Types of Radiation Beams
Mechanism of Action of Radiotherapy
Radiosensitisers and Radioprotectors
Indications of Radiotherapy in Head and Neck Cancer
Radiotherapy Techniques
Treatment Machines
Dose and Fractionation
Concurrent Chemotherapy in Head and Neck Cancer
Brachytherapy in Head and Neck Cancer
Unusual Neoplasms of the Head and Neck (Table 73.1)
Side Effects of Radiation
Care of Patient During Radiotherapy
Chapter 74: Chemotherapy for Head and Neck Cancer
Types of Chemotherapy
Single Agent vs Multidrug Combination Therapy
Drugs Used in Cancer Therapy
Pretreatment Work-Up of the Patient
Toxicity of Anticancer Drugs
Chapter 75: HIV Infection/AIDS and ENT Manifestations
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
ENT Manifestations of HIV Infection
HIV Infection and Healthcare Workers
Antiretroviral Drugs
Section IX: Clinical methods in ent and neck masses
Chapter 76: Clinical Methods in ENT
Equipment, History Taking and General Setup
I. Examination of Ear
II. Examination of Nose and Paranasal Sinuses
III. Examination of Nasopharynx
IV. Examination of Oral Cavity
V. Examination of Oropharynx
VI. Examination of Larynx and Laryngopharynx
VII. Lymph Nodes of the Head and Neck
Neck Dissection
Chapter 77: Neck Masses
Thyroglossal Duct Cyst
Sublingual Dermoid Cyst
Submental Nodes
Prelaryngeal and Pretracheal Nodes
Thymic Cyst
Branchial Cyst
Branchial Sinus or Fistula (Figure 77.5)
Plunging Ranula
Carotid Body Tumour
Parapharyngeal Tumours
Cystic Hygroma
Tubercular Lymph Nodes
Metastatic Lymph Nodes
Lymphomas
Cervical Rib
Sternomastoid Tumour
Section X: Operative surgery
Chapter 78: Myringotomy (Syn. Tympanostomy)
Indications
Anaesthesia
Steps of Operation
Pitfalls of Myringotomy
Postoperative Care
Complications
Grommet
Chapter 79: Ear Surgery and Approaches
Introduction to Ear and Mastoid Surgery
Chapter 80: Cortical Mastoidectomy
Indications
Anaesthesia
Position
Steps of Operation
Postoperative Care
Complications
Chapter 81: Radical Mastoidectomy
Indications
Anaesthesia
Position
Steps of Operation
Postoperative Care
Complications
Chapter 82: Modified Radical Mastoidectomy
Indications
Anaesthesia
Position
Steps of Operation
Postoperative Care and Complications
Chapter 83: Myringoplasty
Contraindications
Anaesthesia
Position
Technique
Postoperative Care
Complications
Other Procedures for Closure of Tympanic Membrane Perforation
Chapter 84: Proof Puncture (Syn. Antral Lavage)
Indications
Contraindications
Anaesthesia
Position
Technique
Diagnosis of Antral Pathology
Postoperative Care
Complications
Chapter 85: Intranasal Inferior Meatal Antrostomy
Indications
Contraindications
Anaesthesia
Position
Technique
Postoperative Care
Complications
Chapter 86: Caldwell–Luc (Anterior Antrostomy) Operation
Indications
Contraindications
Anaesthesia
Position
Technique
Postoperative Care
Complications
Present Status
Chapter 87: Submucous Resection of Nasal Septum (SMR Operation)
Indications
Contraindications
Anaesthesia
Position
Steps of Operation
Postoperative Care
Complications
Present Status
Chapter 88: Septoplasty
Indications
Contraindications
Anaesthesia
Position
Technique
Postoperative Care
Postoperative Complications
Types of Septal Incisions in Septoplasty
Chapter 89: Diagnostic Nasal Endoscopy
Indications
Anaesthesia
Position
Instruments
Technique
Complications
Chapter 90: Endoscopic Sinus Surgery
Indications
Advanced Nasal Endoscopic Techniques
Contraindications
Anaesthesia
Position
Techniques (Figure 90.1)
Steps of Operation
Postoperative Care
Complications
Chapter 91: Direct Laryngoscopy
Indications
Contraindications
Anaesthesia
Position
Procedure
Postoperative Care
Complications
Chapter 92: Bronchoscopy
Rigid Bronchoscopy
Flexible Fibreoptic Bronchoscopy
Chapter 93: Oesophagoscopy
Rigid Oesophagoscopy
Flexible FibreOptic Oesophagoscopy
Transnasal Oesophagoscopy
Chapter 94: Tonsillectomy
Indications
Contraindications
Anaesthesia
Position
Steps of Operation (Dissection and Snare Method)
Postoperative Care
Complications
Chapter 95: Adenoidectomy
Indications
Contraindications
Anaesthesia
Position
Steps of Operation
Endoscopic Adenoidectomy
Postoperative Care
Complications
Chapter 96: Some Imaging Techniques in ENT
Temporal Bone
Paranasal Sinuses
X-Rays for Nasal Fractures
Neck, Larynx and Pharynx
Computed Tomography (CT)
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
PET-CT and PET-MRI
Appendices
Appendix I: Some Memorable Nuggets for Rapid Review
Appendix II: Instruments
Index