(PDF) Psychoneuroimmunology Two-Volume Set 4th Edition By Robert Ader

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Table of Contents

Contributors
Preface to the Fourth Edition
About the Editors
PROLOGUE: Exploring the Phylogenetic History of Neural-immune System Interactions: An Update
PART I: NEURAL AND ENDOCRINE EFFECTS ON IMMUNITY
INTRODUCTION
CHAPTER 1: Glucocorticoids and Immunity: Mechanisms of Regulation
ABSTRACT
I. INTRODUCTION
II. IMMUNITY
III. GLUCOCORTICOIDS
IV. GLUCOCORTICOID RECEPTOR
V. REGULATION OF GENE EXPRESSION BY GR
VI. INHIBITORY EFFECTS OF GLUCOCORTICOIDS ON THE IMMUNE SYSTEM
VII. PERSPECTIVES
CHAPTER 2: Adrenergic Regulation of Immunity
ABSTRACT
I. EARLY EVIDENCE THAT THE NERVOUS AND IMMUNE SYSTEMS COMMUNICATE WITH EACH OTHER
II. SYMPATHETIC INNERVATION OF LYMPHOID TISSUE AND NOREPINEPHRINE RELEASE
III. EVIDENCE FOR ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR EXPRESSION ON IMMUNE CELLS
IV. EVIDENCE THAT NOREPINEPHRINE REGULATES IMMUNE CELL ACTIVITY IN VIVO
V. EVIDENCE FOR ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR REGULATION OF IMMUNE CELL ACTIVITY IN VITRO
VI. RELEVANCE TO HEALTH AND DISEASE
CHAPTER 3: Cholinergic Regulation of Inflammation
I. INTRODUCTION
II. BRAIN-IMMUNE COMMUNICATION
III. THE CHOLINERGIC ANTI-INFLAMMATORY PATHWAY IN MEDICINE
IV. PERSPECTIVES
CHAPTER 4: Significance of Sensory Neuropeptides and the Immune Response
I. INTRODUCTION
II. THE IMMUNE SYSTEM
III. THE NERVOUS SYSTEM
IV. NEUROPEPTIDES
V. THE ENTERIC NERVOUS SYSTEM
VI. THE CHOLINERGIC ANTI-INFLAMMATORY PATHWAY
VII. NEUROTROPHINS
VIII. NEUROPEPTIDE COMMUNICATION: THE DIFFERENT IMMUNE CELLS
IX. NERVES IN THE INFLAMMATORY PROCESS
X. NEUROGENIC INFLAMMATION
XI. CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
XII. STRESS RESPONSE
XIII. NERVE-IMMUNE COMMUNICATION IN THE VARIOUS TISSUES
XIV. SUMMARY
CHAPTER 5: Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide: An Anti-inflammatory Neuropeptide
ABSTRACT
I. INTRODUCTION
II. VIP PRESENCE IN PRIMARY AND SECONDARY LYMPHOID ORGANS
III. VIP RECEPTORS IN IMMUNE CELLS
IV. EFFECTS OF VIP ON INNATE IMMUNE RESPONSES
V. EFFECTS OF VIP ON T-CELL ACTIVATION, DIFFERENTIATION, AND FUNCTION
VI. VIP IN MODELS OF AUTOIMMUNITY, INFLAMMATION, AND BONE MARROW TRANSPLANTATION
VII. CONCLUSIONS AND PERSPECTIVES
VIII. ABBREVIATIONS
CHAPTER 6: Immune-derived Opioids: Production andFunction in Infl ammatory Pain
ABSTRACT
I. INTRODUCTION
II. PERIPHERAL OPIOID RECEPTORS
III. OPIOID PEPTIDES PRODUCED BY IMMUNE CELLS
IV. MIGRATION OF OPIOID-CONTAINING IMMUNE CELLS TO INFLAMED TISSUE
V. RELEASE OF OPIOID PEPTIDES FROM IMMUNE CELLS
VI. ANALGESIA PRODUCED BY IMMUNE-DERIVED OPIOID PEPTIDES
VII. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS
VIII. PERSPECTIVES
CHAPTER 7: Crosstalk between Insulin-like Growth Factors and Pro-inflammatory Cytokines
I. INTRODUCTION
II. THE INSULIN-LIKE GROWTH FACTOR (IGF) SYSTEM
III. IGF TYPE I RECEPTOR SIGNALING
IV. PRO-INFLAMMATORY CYTOKINE SIGNALING
V. CYTOKINE-INDUCED IGF 0RESISTANCE; IN VITRO—MECHANISMS OF ACTION
VI. CYTOKINE—IGF INTERACTIONS; IN VIVO—BEHAVIOR AND LEARNING
VII. CONCLUSIONS
CHAPTER 8: The Neuroendocrine System and Rheumatoid Arthritis: Focus on the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-A
I. INTRODUCTION
II. GENERAL CONCEPTS OF NEURAL-IMMUNE INTERACTIONS
III. ANIMAL MODELS OF RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS
IV. HPA AXIS FUNCTION FINDINGS IN RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS PATIENTS
V. OTHER NEUROENDOCRINE FACTORS IMPLICATED IN RA PATHOGENESIS
VI. SUMMARY
CHAPTER 9: Sex Steroids and Immunity
I. INTRODUCTION: SEX HORMONES AND AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES
II. PERIPHERAL SEX HORMONE METABOLISM IN AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES
III. POSSIBLE MECHANISMS OF IMMUNOMODULATION BY SEX HORMONES
IV. PREGNANCY AND AUTOIMMUNITY
CHAPTER 10: Emerging Concepts for the Pathogenesis of Chronic Disabling Inflammatory Diseases: Neuro
I. INTRODUCTION
II. BALANCE BETWEEN IMMUNE TOLERANCE AND IMMUNE AGGRESSION
III. GENES RESPONSIBLE FOR ADVANTAGEOUS REACTIONS TO OVERCOME CHRONIC DISABLING INFLAMMATORY DISEAS
IV. HOMEOSTATIC MECHANISMS ARE EVOLUTIONARILY CONSERVED FOR TRANSIENT INFLAMMATORY REACTIONS—THEIR
V. UNCOUPLING OF SUPERSYSTEMS DURING CDIDS
VI. THE HEN-AND-EGG PROBLEM OF CDIDs—WHO STARTSTHE DISEASE?
CHAPTER 11: Neuroendocrine Regulation of Cancer Progression: I. Biological Mechanisms and Clinical R
I. INTRODUCTION
II. OVERVIEW OF THE STRESS RESPONSE SYSTEM
III. CANCER INITIATION
IV. CANCER METASTASIS
V. NEUROENDOCRINE EFFECTS ON CANCER-RELATED BIOLOGICAL PATHWAYS
VI. SUMMARY
CHAPTER 12: Neuroendocrine Regulation of Cancer Progression: II. Immunological Mechanisms, Clinical
ABSTRACT
I. IMMUNE-CANCER INTERACTIONS AND THE POTENTIAL ROLE OF CELL-MEDIATED IMMUNITY (CMI) IN RESTRICTING
II. THE CRITICAL PERIOPERATIVE PERIOD IN CANCER PATIENTS
III. NEUROENDOCRINE MODULATION OF CELL-MEDIATED IMMUNITY AND CANCER DEVELOPMENT IN THE PERIOPERATIVE
IV. POSTOPERATIVE SUPPRESSION OF NK ACTIVITY AND RESISTANCE TO TUMOR PROGRESSION: MECHANISMS AND PRE
V. IS THERE EVIDENCE IN CANCER PATIENTS THAT POSTOPERATIVE SUPPRESSION OF CMI CAN INDEED PROMOTE MET
VI. IMMUNE STIMULATION AS A PROPHYLACTIC MEASURE IN THE PERIOPERATIVE PERIOD: A DOUBLE-EDGED SWORD A
VII. DOES MALIGNANT TISSUE EXPLOIT STRESSFUL PERIODS TO FACILITATE ITS AUTO-EVOLUTIONARY PROCESS?
VIII. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS
PART II: IMMUNE SYSTEM EFFECTS ON NEURAL AND ENDOCRINE PROCESSES AND BEHAVIOR
CYTOKINES IN THE BRAIN: AN INTRODUCTION
CHAPTER 13: Expression and Action of Cytokines in the Brain: Mechanisms and Pathophysiological Impli
I. KEY ELEMENTS OF THE BRAIN CYTOKINE SYSTEM
II. MECHANISMS OF ACTION OF CYTOKINES IN THE BRAIN
III. ROLE OF CYTOKINES IN BRAIN DEVELOPMENT AND SYNAPTIC PLASTICITY
IV. ROLE OF CYTOKINES IN NEUROPATHOLOGY
V. ROLE OF CYTOKINES IN PSYCHOPATHOLOGY
VI. CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 14: Cytokines, Sickness Behavior, and Depression
I. INTRODUCTION
II. THE CYTOKINE NETWORK
III. BEHAVIORAL EFFECTS OF CYTOKINES
IV. SICKNESS BEHAVIOR IS THE EXPRESSION OF A CENTRAL MOTIVATIONAL STATE
V. MODES OF ACTION OF CYTOKINES ON THE BRAIN
VII. MECHANISMS OF ACTION OF CYTOKINES ON THEIR BRAIN TARGETS
VIII. SPECIFICITY OF THE INVOLVEMENT OF PERIPHERAL AND CENTRAL CYTOKINES IN DIFFERENT COMPONENTS OF
IX. MOLECULAR FACTORS OPPOSING THE EXPRESSION AND ACTION OF PRO-INFLAMMATORY CYTOKINES IN THE BRAIN
X. MODULATION OF CYTOKINE-INDUCED SICKNESS BEHAVIOR BY DIETARY AND OTHER ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS
XI. SENSITIZATION OF THE BRAIN CYTOKINE SYSTEM
XII. CYTOKINES, DEPRESSION, AND ANXIETY
XIII. CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 15: The Differential Role of Prostaglandin E2 Receptors in the CNS Response to Systemic Immu
ABSTRACT
I. INTRODUCTION
II. SIGNALING MECHANISMS BETWEEN THE IMMUNE SYSTEM AND THE CNS
III. PATHWAYS ACTIVATED BY THE EP RECEPTORS
IV. CONCLUSION AND FUTURE STUDIES
CHAPTER 16: The Role of Pro-inflammatory Cytokines in Memory Processes and Neural Plasticity
I. INTRODUCTION
II. EFFECTS OF IL-1, IL-6, AND TNF-a ON LEARNING AND MEMORY IN RODENTS
III. MECHANISMS UNDERLYING THE EFFECTS OF PRO-INFLAMMATORY CYTOKINES ON LEARNING AND MEMORY
IV. PRO-INFLAMMATORY CYTOKINES AND MEMORY FUNCTIONING IN HUMANS
V. GENERAL SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS
CHAPTER 17: Aging, Neuroinflammation, and Behavior
ABSTRACT
I. INTRODUCTION
II. BRAIN, MEET IMMUNE SYSTEM—IMMUNE SYSTEM, MEET BRAIN
III. IS NORMAL AGING ASSOCIATED WITH NEUROINFLAMMATION?
IV. ARE NEUROINFLAMMATION AND SICKNESS EXACERBATED IN THE AGED?
V. IF NEUROINFLAMMATION IS INCREASED, WHAT DOES IT MEAN?
VI. CODA
CHAPTER 18: Neuroimmune Interactions and Pain: The Role of Immune and Glial Cells
ABSTRACT
I. PAIN BASICS
II. THE PROBLEM OF CHRONIC PAIN
III. HISTORICAL OVERVIEW: DISCOVERIES LEADING TO THE RECOGNITION OF IMMUNE/GLIAL INVOLVEMENT IN CHRO
IV. THE CONTRIBUTION OF PERIPHERAL IMMUNE CELLS TO CHRONIC PAIN
V. THE CONTRIBUTION OF CNS IMMUNE-LIKE GLIAL CELLS TO CHRONIC PAIN
VI. PHYSIOLOGY AND FUNCTION OF GLIA: GENERAL PRINCIPLES
VII. PAIN ENHANCEMENT BY ACTIVATED SPINAL CORD GLIA
VIII. BEYOND CHRONIC PAIN: GLIAL CELLS OPPOSE THE PAIN-SUPPRESSIVE EFFECTS OF OPIOIDS
IX. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS
CHAPTER 19: Cytokines and Non-immune Brain Injury
ABSTRACT
I. INTRODUCTION
II. EVIDENCE OF CYTOKINE INVOLVEMENT IN CNS INJURY AND DISEASE
III. CYTOKINES IN REPAIR AND RECOVERY AFTER CNS INJURY
IV. MECHANISMS OF CYTOKINE ACTIONS
V. CONCLUSIONS AND THERAPEUTIC POTENTIAL
CHAPTER 20: The Interaction between Brain Infl ammation and Systemic Infection
ABSTRACT
I. INTRODUCTION
II. NEUROENDOCRINE-IMMUNE INTERACTIONS IN HEALTH AND DISEASE: CYTOKINE EXPRESSION IN THE CNS
III. ACUTE INFLAMMATION OF THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
IV. IMMUNE-MEDIATED DISEASE OF THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM: MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS
V. CHRONIC NEURODEGENERATION AND MICROGLIAL PRIMING
VI. SUMMARY
PART III: BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY
INTRODUCTION
CHAPTER 21: Mother-infant Interactions and the Development of Immunity from Conception through Weani
ABSTRACT
I. INTRODUCTION
II. FETAL-INDUCED IMMUNE CHANGES IN THE MOTHER
III. PLACENTAL TRANSFER OF MATERNAL ANTIBODY TO THE FETUS
IV. ONTOGENY OF FETAL IMMUNITY
V. SOME IMPORTANT NUANCES OF IMMUNITY IN THE NEONATE
VI. SUSTAINED EFFECTS OF PRENATAL CONDITIONS ON LYMPHOCYTE FUNCTIONS
VII. INFLUENCES OF THE EARLY REARING ENVIRONMENT ON IMMUNITY
VIII. IMMUNE RESPONSES TO SOCIAL STRESSORS AND DISTURBANCE IN OLDER INFANTS
IX. CONCLUSIONS
CHAPTER 22: Social Dominance and Immunity in Animals
ABSTRACT
I. INTRODUCTION
II. ANIMAL MODELS
III. AN OVERVIEW OF AGGRESSION AND DOMINANCE RELATIONSHIPS
IV. DOMINANCE RELATIONSHIPS IN RODENTS
V. DOMINANCE RELATIONSHIPS IN NON-HUMAN PRIMATES
VI. DOES DOMINANCE MATTER?
CHAPTER 23: Social Context as an Individual Difference in Psychoneuroimmunology
I. INTRODUCTION
II. SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS AND HEALTH
III. PATHWAYS LINKING SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS AND IMMUNE FUNCTIONS
IV. DEFINING AND MEASURING SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS
V. EVIDENCE OF SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS ASSOCIATIONS WITH IMMUNE FUNCTIONS
VI. CONCLUSIONS
CHAPTER 24: Psychoneuroimmunology of Depressive Disorder: Mechanisms and Clinical Implications
I. INTRODUCTION
II. IMMUNOLOGICAL ALTERATIONS IN DEPRESSION
III. CLINICAL MODERATING FACTORS OF IMMUNE ALTERATIONS IN DEPRESSION
IV. BIOLOGICAL MEDIATORS OF IMMUNE ALTERATIONS IN DEPRESSION
V. BEHAVIORAL MECHANISMS OF IMMUNE ALTERATIONS IN DEPRESSION
VI. FROM CYTOKINES TO DEPRESSION
VII. PATHWAYS LINKING IMMUNITY TO DEPRESSION
VIII. CYTOKINE ABNORMALITIES IN DEPRESSION: TREATMENT IMPLICATIONS
IX. CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 25: Immune and Neuroendocrine Alterations in Post-traumatic Stress Disorder
I. PSYCHOLOGICAL TRAUMA, PTSD, AND IMMUNE FUNCTION
II. PTSD: ENDOCRINE
III. ENDOCRINE-IMMUNE INTERACTIONS IN PTSD
IV. CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 26: Psychoneuroimmunologic Aspects of Alcohol and Substance Abuse
I. INTRODUCTION
II. ALCOHOL, ALCOHOLISM, AND IMMUNITY
III. ALCOHOL, ALCOHOLISM, AND IMMUNITY: MEDIATING AND MODULATING FACTORS
IV. ALCOHOL, ALCOHOLISM, AND IMMUNITY: MECHANISMS
V. ALCOHOLISM AND IMMUNITY: CONSEQUENCES FOR DISEASE
VI. STIMULANTS AND IMMUNITY
VII. NICOTINE AND IMMUNITY
VIII. OPIATES AND IMMUNITY
IX. MARIJUANA AND OTHER SUBSTANCES
X. CONCLUDING COMMENTS
CHAPTER 27: Schizophrenia and Immunity
ABSTRACT
I. INTRODUCTION
II. MICROGLIA
III. ASTROGLIA
IV. ANTIBODIES
V. BLOOD-BRAIN BARRIER (BBB)
VI. HUMORAL IMMUNITY
VII. CELLULAR IMMUNITY
VIII. CYTOKINES
IX. HYPOTHESES AND PERSPECTIVES
CHAPTER 28: Sleep and the Immune System
I. INTRODUCTION
II. OVERVIEW OF SLEEP AND ITS CHARACTERISTICS
III. EFFECTS OF INFECTIONS ON SLEEP
IV. CYTOKINE REGULATION OF SLEEP
V. SLEEP MODULATION OF IMMUNITY
VI. DISORDERED SLEEP AND IMMUNITY: CLINICAL POPULATIONS
VII. SUMMARY
CHAPTER 29: Emotions and the Immune System
I. INTRODUCTION
II. IMPORTANCE OF STUDYING AFFECT IN PNI
III. CAN THE IMMUNE SYSTEM PLAY A ROLE IN SUPPORTING THE ADAPTIVE BEHAVIORAL CHANGES ORCHESTRATED BY
IV. NEGATIVE AFFECTIVE STATES AND THE IMMUNE SYSTEM
V. DEPRESSION AND THE IMMUNE SYSTEM
VI. ANXIETY AND THE IMMUNE SYSTEM
VII. ANGER, HOSTILITY, AND THE IMMUNE SYSTEM
VIII. SELF-CONSCIOUS EMOTIONS AND THE IMMUNE SYSTEM
IX. POSITIVE AFFECT AND THE IMMUNE SYSTEM
X. DIFFERENTIAL IMMUNE CORRELATES OF AFFECTIVE STATES
XI. SUMMARY
XII. FUTURE DIRECTIONS
CHAPTER 30: Behaviorally Conditioned Enhancement of Immune Responses
ABSTRACT
I. INTRODUCTION WITH A HISTORICAL OVERVIEW
II. THE PHENOMENON OF BEHAVIORALLY CONDITIONED ENHANCEMENT OF IMMUNE RESPONSES
III. CLINICAL AND ADAPTIVE RELEVANCE OF CONDITIONED IMMUNE ENHANCEMENT
IV. SUMMARY
CHAPTER 31: Exercise and Immunity: Clinical Studies
ABSTRACT
I. INTRODUCTION
II. EXERCISE, IMMUNITY, AND URTI RISK
III. ATHLETIC ENDEAVOR AND URTI
IV. CONCLUSIONS
CHAPTER 32: Behavioral Interventions: Immunologic Mediators and Disease Outcomes
I. INTRODUCTION
II. STRESSORS, AFFECT, ENDOCRINES, AND THE IMMUNE SYSTEM IN HUMANS
III. BEHAVIORAL INTERVENTIONS, STRESS RESPONSES, AND THE IMMUNE SYSTEM
IV. CLINICAL APPLICATIONS OF BEHAVIORAL INTERVENTION-PNI PARADIGMS IN HEALTH AND DISEASE
V. CONCLUSION
PART IV: STRESS AND IMMUNITY
INTRODUCTION
CHAPTER 33: Stress: A System of the Whole
I. INTRODUCTION
II. SYSTEM 1: THE IN UTERO ENVIRONMENT
III. SYSTEM 2: THE STRESS SYSTEM INFLUENCES EARLY STAGES OF LIFE
IV. SYSTEM 3: PERSONALITY AND PSYCHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND HEALTH
V. THE INFLUENCE OF STRESS ON PARAMETERS OF HEALTH
VI. STRESS IN THE WORKPLACE
VII. CAN A SYSTEM BE DEVELOPED THAT WILL REDUCE THE NEGATIVE IMPACT OF STRESS ON HEALTH?
VIII. CONCLUSIONS
CHAPTER 34: Bi-directional Effects of Stress on Immune Function: Possible Explanations for Salubriou
I. INTRODUCTION
II. ACUTE STRESS-INDUCED ENHANCEMENT OF IMMUNE FUNCTION: AN ADAPTIVE RESPONSE
III. PARADOXICAL OBSERVATIONS REGARDING THE EFFECTS OF STRESS ON IMMUNE FUNCTION
IV. STRESS-INDUCED REDISTRIBUTION OF IMMUNE CELLS
V. STRESS-INDUCED ENHANCEMENT OF IMMUNE FUNCTION
VI. STRESS-INDUCED SUPPRESSION OF IMMUNE FUNCTION
VII. IMMUNOENHANCING EFFECTS OF GLUCOCORTICOID HORMONES
VIII. IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE EFFECTS OF GLUCOCORTICOID HORMONES
IX. INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES IN HPA-AXIS REACTIVITY—EFFECTS ON RESISTANCE TO AUTOIMMUNE DISEASE, INF
X. FACTORS THAT DETERMINE WHETHER STRESS WILL ENHANCE OR SUPPRESS IMMUNE FUNCTION
XI. THE STRESS SPECTRUM
XII. CONCLUSIONS
CHAPTER 35: Positive Affect and Immune Function
I. INTRODUCTION
II. POSITIVE AFFECT
III. THE EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE FOR AN ASSOCIATION BETWEEN PA AND IMMUNE FUNCTION
IV. CLINICAL CONTEXT: POSITIVE AFFECT AND HEALTH
V. POTENTIAL PATHWAYS LINKING PA AND IMMUNE FUNCTION
VI. TRAIT PA AND OTHER RELATED PERSONALITY CONSTRUCTS
VII. PSYCHOLOGICAL INTERVENTIONS
VIII. SUMMARY
CHAPTER 36: Close Relationships and Immunity
I. INTRODUCTION
II. KEY FINDINGS IN CLOSE RELATIONSHIPS AND IMMUNE FUNCTION
III. INTERVENTIONS
IV. CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS
CHAPTER 37: Stress and Allergic Diseases
I. INTRODUCTION
II. HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVES OF ALLERGIC DISEASES
III. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF ALLERGIC DISEASES
IV. CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS OF ALLERGIC DISEASES
V. CURRENT THERAPEUTIC APPROACHES TO ALLERGIC DISEASES
VI. GENE-ENVIRONMENT INTERACTION IN THE EXPRESSION OF ALLERGIC PHENOTYPE
VII. NEURAL CONTROL OF THE AIRWAYS
VIII. IMMUNE DYSREGULATION IN ALLERGIC DISEASE
IX. EFFECTS OF ACUTE AND CHRONIC STRESS ON TH1/TH2 BALANCE
X. EVIDENCE FOR STRESS TRIGGERING EXACERBATION OF ALLERGIC DISEASES
XI. POTENTIAL FOR INTERVENTION IN STRESS-RELATED ALLERGIC DISEASES
XII. CONCLUDING REMARKS
XIII. FUTURE DIRECTIONS FOR RESEARCH IN STRESS AND ALLERGIC DISEASES
CHAPTER 38: Stress, Neuroendocrine Hormones, and Wound Healing: Human Models
I. OVERVIEW
II. STRESS AND NEUROENDOCRINE ACTIVATION
III. EFFECT OF GLUCOCORTICOIDS ON WOUND HEALING
IV. EFFECTS OF CATECHOLAMINES ON WOUND HEALING
V. STRESS AND WOUND HEALING
VI. STRESS, PHAGOCYTE FUNCTION, AND MICROBIAL INFECTION
VII. ROLE OF SEX HORMONES ON WOUND HEALING
VIII. GENDER DIFFERENCES IN WOUND HEALING
IX. THE HEALING OF DERMAL VERSUS MUCOSAL WOUNDS
X. WOUND HEALING IN THE AGED
XI. SUMMARY AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS
CHAPTER 39: Stress and Wound Healing: Animal Models
I. INTRODUCTION
II. THE INFLAMMATORY PHASE OF WOUND REPAIR
III. THE PROLIFERATIVE PHASE OF WOUND REPAIR
IV. THE REMODELING PHASE OF WOUND REPAIR
V. CONCLUSIONS
CHAPTER 40: Reactivation of Latent Herpes Viruses in Astronauts
I. INTRODUCTION
II. HUMAN SPACE FLIGHT
III. SPACECRAFT ENVIRONMENT
IV. LIMITATIONS OF SPACE FLIGHT INVESTIGATIONS
V. STRESS ASSOCIATED WITH SPACE FLIGHT
VI. NEUROENDOCRINE AND IMMUNE RESPONSES
VII. SPACE FLIGHT STUDIES OF REACTIVATION OF LATENT HERPES VIRUSES
VIII. MEDICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF LATENT VIRUS REACTIVATION IN SPACE FLIGHT
IX. SUMMARY
X. FUTURE DIRECTIONS
CHAPTER 41: Psychosocial Influences in Oncology: An Expanded Model of Biobehavioral Mechanisms
I. BIOBEHAVIORAL INFLUENCES ON DISEASE PROGRESSION
II. PSYCHOSOCIAL FACTORS IN CANCER INITIATION AND PROGRESSION
III. PSYCHOSOCIAL FACTORS AND THE IMMUNE RESPONSE IN THE CONTEXT OF CANCER
IV. IMMUNOLOGIC MECHANISMS AND TUMOR CONTROL
V. PSYCHOSOCIAL FACTORS AND TUMOR ANGIOGENESIS
VI. STRESS AND VIRAL ACTIVATION
VII. STRESS, DNA REPAIR AND APOPTOSIS, AND IMPLICATIONS FOR CANCER
VIII. NEUROENDOCRINE REGULATION AND CANCER PROGRESSION
IX. IMMUNE ACTIVATION AND QUALITY OF LIFE IN CANCER PATIENTS: BI-DIRECTIONAL PATHWAYS
X. SUMMARY AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS
CHAPTER 42: Stress-associated Immune Dysregulation Can Affect Antibody and T-cell Responses to Vacci
I. INTRODUCTION
II. THE VACCINE RESPONSE
III. AN OVERVIEW OF VACCINATION STUDIES IN PNI
IV. CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS
PART V: PSYCHONEUROIMMUNOLOGY AND PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
MIND BODY INTERACTIONS AND THEIR INFLUENCE ON THE PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF DISEASE
CHAPTER 43: Psychoneuroimmunological Pathways Involved in Acute Coronary Syndromes
I. IMMUNE SYSTEM INVOLVEMENT IN CORONARY DISEASE PROGRESSION
II. PSYCHOLOGICAL RISK FACTORS FOR CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE
III. CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS
CHAPTER 44: Psychosocial Factors and Coronary Heart Disease: The Role of Psychoneuroimmunological Pr
I. THE PROBLEM OF CORONARY HEART DISEASE
II. PSYCHOSOCIAL FACTORS IN CHD
III. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF CHD
IV. PSYCHOBIOLOGICAL STUDIES
V. CONCLUSIONS
CHAPTER 45: Endocrine and Immune Responses to Stress in Chronic Infl ammatory Skin Disorder (Atopic
ABSTRACT
I. GENERAL ASPECTS OF ATOPIC DERMATITIS
II. ENDOCRINE AND IMMUNE RESPONSES TO STRESS IN AD
III. SUMMARY AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS
CHAPTER 46: Obesity and Immunity
I. OBESITY AND IMMUNITY
II. OBESITY IS CHARACTERIZED BY INFLAMMATION
III. OVERNUTRITION AND CHRONIC ACTIVATION OF THE INNATE IMMUNE SYSTEM
IV. IMMUNE DISORDERS AND OBESITY
V. CONCLUSIONS
CHAPTER 47: Endogenous Extracellular Hsp72 Release Is an Adaptive Feature of the Acute Stress Respon
ABSTRACT
I. INTRODUCTION
II. STRESS AND INTRACELLULAR HEAT SHOCK PROTEIN 72 (HSP72)
III. STRESS AND ENDOGENOUS EXTRACELLULAR HEAT SHOCK PROTEINS
IV. RELEASING SIGNAL(S), AND CELLULAR SOURCE(S) OF STRESS-INDUCED EXTRACELLULAR HSP72
V. IMMUNOLOGICAL FUNCTION(S) OF EXTRACELLULAR HSP72
VI. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS
CHAPTER 48: Cold-Restraint-induced Immune and Biochemical Changes Inhibit Host Resistance to Listeri
I. INTRODUCTION: NEUROIMMUNE INTERACTIONS AND HOST DEFENSES
II. SHORT-TERM COLD-RESTRAINT TREATMENT: A MODEL FOR STRESS-RELATED IMMUNOSUPPRESSION
III. HOST RESISTANCE TO LISTERIA MONOCYTOGENES INFECTION IS IMPAIRED BY COLD-RESTRAINT TREATMENT
IV. b-ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR EXPRESSION AND SIGNALING IN IMMUNE AND NON-IMMUNE CELLS
CHAPTER 49: Psychobiology of HIV Infection
I. INTRODUCTION
II. HIV PATHOGENESIS
III. NEUROENDOCRINE INFLUENCES ON HIV PATHOGENESIS
IV. PSYCHOSOCIAL INFLUENCES ON HIV PROGRESSION
V. PROSPECTS
CHAPTER 50: Stress-induced Modulation of the Immune Response to Herpes Simplex Virus Infections
I. INTRODUCTION TO STRESS-HSV INTERACTIONS
II. INTRODUCTION TO HSV
III. IMMUNITY TO HSV INFECTION
IV. PSYCHOLOGICAL STRESS AND IMMUNITY—A BRIEF OVERVIEW
V. STRESS AND THE INNATE IMMUNE RESPONSE TO HSV
VI. STRESS AND THE ADAPTIVE IMMUNE RESPONSE TO HSV
VII. THE IMPACT OF STRESS ON THE PATHOGENESIS OF HSV INFECTION
VIII. PREVENTING HSV INFECTIONS—THE POTENTIAL ROLE OF STRESS
IX. DECIPHERING THE STRESS-HSV RELATIONSHIP—FUTURE RESEARCH DIRECTIONS
X. CONCLUDING REMARKS
CHAPTER 51: Stress-induced Modulation of Innate Resistance and Adaptive Immunity to Influenza Viral
ABSTRACT
I. INTRODUCTION
II. RODENT STRESSORS AND THE STRESS RESPONSE
III. GLUCOCORTICOIDS, GLUCOCORTICOID RECEPTORS, AND LEUKOCYTES
IV. IMPACT OF STRESS ON ANTI-INFLUENZA IMMUNITY
V. ANTI-INFLAMMATORY GLUCOCORTICOID RESPONSE: FRIEND OR FOE?
VI. SUMMARY
CHAPTER 52: Social Stress Alters the Severity of a Virally Initiated Model of Multiple Sclerosis
I. INTRODUCTION
II. MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS
III. THEILER’S VIRUS INFECTION AS A MODEL FOR MS
IV. STRESS AND MS
V. SOCIAL STRESS AND IMMUNE CHALLENGE
VI. THE IMPACT OF SOCIAL DISRUPTION STRESS ON TMEV INFECTION
VII. GENERAL CONCLUSIONS
Author Index
Subject Index